Figure 1

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Design of liquid-based materials and the typical interactions at the interface among the solid/liquid/gas interfaces. The middle circles show the liquid-based materials design by selecting and designing two essential components, including the solid part and the liquid part. The light brown circle shows the typical solid parts, which can be divided into three categories according to the structural role they play. The green circle shows the typical liquid parts. Three-phase characteristics that need to be considered when designing liquid-based materials are located at the three corners of the triangle. These characteristics are not only the factors to be considered in the construction of liquid-based materials but also the external factors of the environment in which the liquid-based materials are used. The arrows represent the interactions at solid/liquid, gas/solid, and liquid/gas interfaces inside or outside the liquid-based material.
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