Figure 7

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(A) Optical micrograph of a graphene phase modulator based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer. (B) Eye diagram at 10 Gb s−1 [48]. (C) 3D view of an optical phase modulator based on a graphene-silicon hybrid waveguide. (D) Phase change curves under different applied voltages [88]. (A) and (B) Adapted with permission from [48]. Copyright 2018, Springer Nature. (C) and (D) Adapted with permission from [88]. Copyright 2017, IEEE.

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