Table 1
Table 1Examples of experimentally realized artificial active particles. The letters in the first column correspond to the examples plotted in Figure 1 [2]
| Active particles | Dimensions | Maximum speed | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | Polydimethylsiloxane platelets coated with Pt [16] | 1 cm | 2 cm/s |
| b | Rod-shaped particles consisting of Au and Pt segments [17] | 2 μm (length), 370 nm (width) | 10 μm/s |
| c | Linear chains of DNA-linked magnetic colloidal particles attached to red blood cells [18] | 30 μm | 6 μm/s |
| d | Janus spherical particles with a catalytic Pt patch [19] | 1.6 μm | 3 μm/s |
| e | DNA-linked anisotropic doublets composed of paramagnetic colloidal particles [20] | 3 μm | 3.2 μm/s |
| f | Chiral colloidal propellers [21] | 2 μm (length), 250 nm (width) | 40 μm/s |
| g | Janus particles half-coated with Au [22] | 1 μm | 10 μm/s |
| h | Catalytic microjets [23] | 50 μm (length), 1 μm (width) | 10 mm/s |
| i | Water droplets containing bromine [24] | 80 μm | 15 μm/s |
| j | Janus particles with light-absorbing patches [25, 26, 27] | 0.1–10 μm | 10 μm/s |
| k | Rod-shaped particles consisting of Au and Pt (or Au and Ru) segments [28] | 1–3 μm (length), 300 nm (width) | 200 μm/s |
| l | Pt-loaded stomatocytes [29] | 0.5 μm | 23 μm/s |
| m | Colloidal rollers made of PMMA beads [30] | 5 μm | 1 mm/s |
| n | Polymeric spheres encapsulating most of an antiferromagnetic hematite cube [31] | 1.5 μm | 15 μm/s |
| o | Water droplets [32] | 60 μm | 50 μm/s |
| p | Janus microspheres with Mg core, Au nanoparticles, and TiO2 shell layer [33] | 20 μm | 110 μm/s |
| q | Hollow mesoporous silica Janus particles [34] | 50–500 nm | 100 μm/s |
| r | Janus particles half coated with Cr [35] | 3 μm | 60 μm/s |
| s | Enzyme-loaded polymeric vesicles [36] | 0.1 μm | 80 μm/s |
| t | Robots of macroscopic artificial active particles- [37] | 4.8 cm | 5.2 cm/s |
| u | Macroscopic Hexbugs [38] | 4.5 cm (length), 1.9 cm (hight), 1.5 cm (width) | 20–40 cm/s |
| v | Millimetric capillary surfers [39] | 4.2 mm (length), 2.7 mm (width) | 3 mm/s |
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