REVIEW

Integrated optoelectronics with two-dimensional materials

¹ School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
² Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
³ College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
⁴ Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
⁵ Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
⁶ College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
⁷ Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China
⁸ Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430074, China
⁹ School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

^* Corresponding authors (emails: zhenzhoucheng@tju.edu.cn (Zhenzhou Cheng); jqwang@szu.edu.cn (Jiaqi Wang); yuyu@mail.hust.edu.cn (Yu Yu); hktsang@ee.cuhk.edu.hk (Hon Ki Tsang))

Received: 31 March 2022
Revised: 10 May 2022
Accepted: 25 May 2022

Abstract

As we enter the post-Moore era, heterogeneous optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) are attracting significant attention as an alternative approach to scaling to smaller-sized transistors. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, offering a range of intriguing optoelectronic properties as semiconductors, semimetals, and insulators, provide great potential for developing next-generation heterogeneous OEICs. For instance, Fermi levels of 2D materials can be tuned by applying electrical voltages, while their atomically thin geometries are inherently suited for the fabrication of planar devices without suffering from lattice mismatch. Since the first graphene-on-silicon OEICs were demonstrated in 2011, 2D-material heterogeneous OEICs have significantly progressed. To date, researchers have a better understanding of the importance of interface states on the optical properties of chip-integrated 2D materials. Moreover, there has been impressive progress towards the use of 2D materials for waveguide-integrated lasers, modulators, and photodetectors. In this review, we summarize the history, status, and trend of integrated optoelectronics with 2D materials.